So, this will give you a sense of how the mortality of RDS has changed over the years, and you can see on this axis we start at 1975, and go up to 95, so it is about 10 years out of date, but the data are still accurate.

I will just give you a little sense of before 1975, there was no positive pressure ventilation. So pediatric residents didn't have to learn how to intubate, because there weren't any ventilators. Between 75 and 90 was a huge change in neonatology, and even though we all focus on the ventilator, one of the biggest changes was the intravenous catheters for newborns, which were first introduced in the mid 1970's. So, if we can save the baby from a ventilatiory standpoint, if we can't give the baby fluids, it is probably not going to do too well. Additionally, Hyperal was first given in premies in the early 1970's, and then, of course, the positive pressure ventilation began to evolve, and actually became quite sophisticated. So, as you look at the mortality, it is just a straight drop down to 1995. So there have been a lot of good changes.

After 1990, we have been primarily doing well with exogenous surfactant, which we will talk about in a little bit, and I have one more slide on antenatal steroids, but you heard the whole story, and our ventilators are changing and evolving every day, so, things are a little better.